The Odia calendar used in Odisha is a solar calendar: each month begins on the day the Sun enters a new sign of the zodiac (a sankranti), so the months are named after — and keep pace with — the Sun's twelve signs. Alongside it, the moon's phases are counted in tithis and its position among the stars in nakshatras, which is what a panjika prints for every day. This page lists all of these names in Odia script. For today's values see the Odia calendar; for any month see the month-by-month calendar.
The 12 Odia months (ମାସ)
| # | Odia | Month | Roughly | Begins with the Sun in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ବୈଶାଖ | Baisakha | mid-April – mid-May | ମେଷ (Mesha) |
| 2 | ଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠ | Jyestha | mid-May – mid-June | ବୃଷ (Vrishabha) |
| 3 | ଆଷାଢ଼ | Asadha | mid-June – mid-July | ମିଥୁନ (Mithuna) |
| 4 | ଶ୍ରାବଣ | Shravana | mid-July – mid-August | କର୍କଟ (Karkata) |
| 5 | ଭାଦ୍ରବ | Bhadrava | mid-August – mid-September | ସିଂହ (Simha) |
| 6 | ଆଶ୍ୱିନ | Ashwina | mid-September – mid-October | କନ୍ୟା (Kanya) |
| 7 | କାର୍ତ୍ତିକ | Kartika | mid-October – mid-November | ତୁଳା (Tula) |
| 8 | ମାର୍ଗଶିର | Margashira | mid-November – mid-December | ବିଛା (Vrischika (scorpion)) |
| 9 | ପୌଷ | Pausha | mid-December – mid-January | ଧନୁ (Dhanu) |
| 10 | ମାଘ | Magha | mid-January – mid-February | ମକର (Makara) |
| 11 | ଫାଲ୍ଗୁନ | Phalguna | mid-February – mid-March | କୁମ୍ଭ (Kumbha) |
| 12 | ଚୈତ୍ର | Chaitra | mid-March – mid-April | ମୀନ (Mina) |
The year begins with Pana Sankranti (Maha Bishuba Sankranti) on the first day of Baisakha, around 14 April. Because the months follow the Sun, each starts on about the same English date every year, give or take a day.
Days of the week (ବାର)
| Odia | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ରବିବାର | Rabibara | Sunday |
| ସୋମବାର | Somabara | Monday |
| ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର | Mangalabara | Tuesday |
| ବୁଧବାର | Budhabara | Wednesday |
| ଗୁରୁବାର | Gurubara | Thursday |
| ଶୁକ୍ରବାର | Sukrabara | Friday |
| ଶନିବାର | Sanibara | Saturday |
Each day is named after a heavenly body: Rabi (Sun), Soma (Moon), Mangala (Mars), Budha (Mercury), Guru (Jupiter), Sukra (Venus) and Sani (Saturn).
The six seasons (ଋତୁ)
| Odia | Season | Meaning | Months |
|---|---|---|---|
| ବସନ୍ତ | Basanta | spring | Chaitra, Baisakha |
| ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ | Grishma | summer | Jyestha, Asadha |
| ବର୍ଷା | Barsha | monsoon | Shravana, Bhadrava |
| ଶରତ | Sharata | autumn | Ashwina, Kartika |
| ହେମନ୍ତ | Hemanta | pre-winter | Margashira, Pausha |
| ଶିଶିର | Shishira | late winter | Magha, Phalguna |
This is the classical scheme of six ritus, two months each; in everyday Odia the cold season is often simply called ଶୀତ (shita), and the seasons of course vary across the state.
The 12 rashis (ରାଶି)
| # | Odia | Rashi | Odia month that begins in it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ମେଷ | Mesha | ବୈଶାଖ (Baisakha) |
| 2 | ବୃଷ | Vrishabha | ଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠ (Jyestha) |
| 3 | ମିଥୁନ | Mithuna | ଆଷାଢ଼ (Asadha) |
| 4 | କର୍କଟ | Karkata | ଶ୍ରାବଣ (Shravana) |
| 5 | ସିଂହ | Simha | ଭାଦ୍ରବ (Bhadrava) |
| 6 | କନ୍ୟା | Kanya | ଆଶ୍ୱିନ (Ashwina) |
| 7 | ତୁଳା | Tula | କାର୍ତ୍ତିକ (Kartika) |
| 8 | ବିଛା | Vrischika (scorpion) | ମାର୍ଗଶିର (Margashira) |
| 9 | ଧନୁ | Dhanu | ପୌଷ (Pausha) |
| 10 | ମକର | Makara | ମାଘ (Magha) |
| 11 | କୁମ୍ଭ | Kumbha | ଫାଲ୍ଗୁନ (Phalguna) |
| 12 | ମୀନ | Mina | ଚୈତ୍ର (Chaitra) |
Odia calls the eighth sign ବିଛା (bichha, scorpion) rather than the Sanskrit Vrischika.
The tithis (ତିଥି)
A lunar month has 30 tithis: 15 in the bright fortnight (shukla paksha, ଶୁକ୍ଳ ପକ୍ଷ) ending at the full moon, and 15 in the dark fortnight (krishna paksha, କୃଷ୍ଣ ପକ୍ଷ) ending at the new moon. The names repeat in each fortnight.
| # | Odia | Tithi |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ପ୍ରତିପଦା | Pratipada |
| 2 | ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟା | Dwitiya |
| 3 | ତୃତୀୟା | Tritiya |
| 4 | ଚତୁର୍ଥୀ | Chaturthi |
| 5 | ପଞ୍ଚମୀ | Panchami |
| 6 | ଷଷ୍ଠୀ | Shashthi |
| 7 | ସପ୍ତମୀ | Saptami |
| 8 | ଅଷ୍ଟମୀ | Ashtami |
| 9 | ନବମୀ | Navami |
| 10 | ଦଶମୀ | Dashami |
| 11 | ଏକାଦଶୀ | Ekadashi |
| 12 | ଦ୍ୱାଦଶୀ | Dwadashi |
| 13 | ତ୍ରୟୋଦଶୀ | Trayodashi |
| 14 | ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦଶୀ | Chaturdashi |
| 15 | ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣିମା / ଅମାବାସ୍ୟା | Purnima (full moon) / Amavasya (new moon) |
Fasts such as Ekadashi fall on a particular tithi, which is why their English dates move from year to year.
The 27 nakshatras (ନକ୍ଷତ୍ର)
| # | Odia | Nakshatra |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ଅଶ୍ୱିନୀ | Ashwini |
| 2 | ଭରଣୀ | Bharani |
| 3 | କୃତ୍ତିକା | Krittika |
| 4 | ରୋହିଣୀ | Rohini |
| 5 | ମୃଗଶିରା | Mrigashira |
| 6 | ଆଦ୍ରା | Ardra |
| 7 | ପୁନର୍ବସୁ | Punarvasu |
| 8 | ପୁଷ୍ୟା | Pushya |
| 9 | ଆଶ୍ଲେଷା | Ashlesha |
| 10 | ମଘା | Magha |
| 11 | ପୂର୍ବାଫାଲ୍ଗୁନୀ | Purva Phalguni |
| 12 | ଉତ୍ତରାଫାଲ୍ଗୁନୀ | Uttara Phalguni |
| 13 | ହସ୍ତା | Hasta |
| 14 | ଚିତ୍ରା | Chitra |
| 15 | ସ୍ୱାତୀ | Swati |
| 16 | ବିଶାଖା | Vishakha |
| 17 | ଅନୁରାଧା | Anuradha |
| 18 | ଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠା | Jyeshtha |
| 19 | ମୂଳା | Mula |
| 20 | ପୂର୍ବାଷାଢ଼ା | Purva Ashadha |
| 21 | ଉତ୍ତରାଷାଢ଼ା | Uttara Ashadha |
| 22 | ଶ୍ରବଣ | Shravana |
| 23 | ଧନିଷ୍ଠା | Dhanishtha |
| 24 | ଶତଭିଷା | Shatabhisha |
| 25 | ପୂର୍ବାଭାଦ୍ରପଦ | Purva Bhadrapada |
| 26 | ଉତ୍ତରାଭାଦ୍ରପଦ | Uttara Bhadrapada |
| 27 | ରେବତୀ | Revati |
Odia numerals
Dates in a panjika are written in Odia digits: ୦ ୧ ୨ ୩ ୪ ୫ ୬ ୭ ୮ ୯. See Odia numbers 1 to 100.
